By David Parkes and Ofei Kwafo-Akoto King & Wood Mallesons’ London Office
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hana has faced a series of macroeconomic challenges over the past year, with sustained depreciation of the cedi against major foreign currencies, high fiscal and current account deficits and a slowdown in real GDP growth. Despite this, the country remains one of
作者：David Parkes Ofei Kwafo-Akoto 金杜律师事务所伦敦办公室
加纳在去年遭遇了一系列宏观经济上的挑战，包括塞地兑主要外汇持续贬值、财政账户和经常账户严重赤字、以及实际国内生产总值增长率减缓。尽管如此，该国仍然是西非次区域的投资亮点之一。吸引外国投资依然是政府的核心任务，最近的立法发展体现了政府在为投资者创造有利监管环境方面做出的巨大努力。
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By Susan Ning, Cheng Liu and Shenglan Liu King & Wood Mallesons’Commercial & Regulatory Group
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ina’s top antitrust authority, the Anti-monopoly Commission (“AMC”) of the State Council is to issue the integrated IPR antitrust guidelines. AMC has entrusted three antitrust enforcement agencies, the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”), the State Administration of Industry and Commerce (“SAIC”) and the Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”), and the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) with the task of drafting antitrust guidelines on intellectual property rights (IPRs). It is reported that these agencies are finalizing their respective draft guidelines and will submit the drafts to AMC by the end of March 2016. Since AMC is responsible for coordinating antitrust policies in China, it will take the lead to consolidate the said four draft IP guidelines and issue an integrated one.
Continue Reading China’s State Council to announce integrated IPR antitrust guidelines
By Adrian Brown, David Calligan, Tim Dolan, Tamasin Little King & Wood Mallesons’ London Office
The Senior Managers and Certification Regime (the “SM&CR”) is the tough new regulatory framework for individuals working in the banking sector, under which the UK regulators seek to increase individual accountability. The SM&CR will apply to UK-based subsidiaries
作者：Adrian Brown, David Calligan, Tim Dolan, Tamasin Little 金杜律师事务所伦敦办公室
高级管理人员及认证制度（Senior Managers and Certification Regime，统称为“SM&CR”）是一项针对银行业从业人员而新推出的严格监管制度框架。在这一框架下，英国监管机构力求提高个人责任的标准。高级管理人员及认证制度将适用于在英国营业的中国银行子公司，且经适当修改后，可适用于在英国营业的中国银行分行。因此，在英国拥有子公司、英国分行或两者皆有的中国银行集团将受到此项制度的影响。
新政策下是否需要批准才能成为高级管理人员是根据其实际职责，而非职位或地点决定。这意味着在英国经营的中国银行集团必须仔细斟酌适用人选，而英国以外的高级管理人员不能认定相关英国改革不适用。
值得注意的是，该制度指出任何担任高级管理人员的个人须承担“责任义务”。分配给该高级管理人员的责任，一旦发生任何问题，失职者可能面临纪律处分。不当行为将被处以通报批评、罚金、强制性限制个人批准权限，甚至吊销批准的处罚。因此，在新制度规定下即将成为高级管理人员的人士，尤其是在英国以外的个人，一定要全面理解这些英国监管规定。
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By Michael Goldberg David Parkes King & Wood Mallesons’ London Office
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he Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015 makes major changes to UK company law on 6 April. The new rules are aimed at achieving transparency of the beneficial owners and controllers of UK companies, and form part of wider international initiatives
作者：Michael Goldberg David Parkes 金杜律师事务所伦敦办公室
《2015年小企业、企业和就业法》将于4月6日对英国公司法做出重大改变。新法规旨在实现英国公司实益拥有人和控制人的透明性，以期在该领域开展更广泛的国际合作。此类新法规包括欧盟《第四版反洗钱法》，该法强制要求欧盟各公司实体在2017年6月前实行实益拥有人信息披露制度。
根据英国法规规定，自今年4月6日起，英国公司须对拥有其“重大控制权”人员登记在册。此将成为公司法定登记簿，其内容与董事登记簿相仿。登记簿应予公开，接受公众审查。自2016年6月30日起，英国公司在向公司登记处提交年度《确认书》（取代年度申报表）时，应一并向公司登记处公开拥有其重大控制权人员的信息。若不遵守本项规定，公司及其主管人员、拥有重大控制权人员及其他相关人员均将受到刑事处罚。英国政府已就本项新制度发布大量指导性意见（尽管本制度尚未最终成型）。
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By Susan Ning, Hazel Yin, Yangdi Zhao King & Wood Mallesons’ Commercial & Regulatory Group
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e 12th Five-Year-Plan period (2011-2015) has witnessed intense antitrust enforcement efforts by the Chinese antitrust regulators. Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”), the price-related antitrust regulator in China released a summary report on its achievements during the past five years. In particular, a total of 97 price-related antitrust cases were concluded, and the fines imposed and illegal gains confiscated amount to approximately RMB 10.4 billion yuan. Among the 97 cases, 29 were handled by NDRC directly and 68 by its local counterparts. 76 cases related to monopoly agreements, 13 concern abuses of market dominance, and 8 involve administrative monopolies.
Continue Reading A Snapshot of Developments in NDRC’s Antitrust Enforcement and Legislation from 2011-2015
By Susan Ning, Hazel Yin, Han Wu, Lingbo Wei King & Wood Mallesons’ Commercial & Regulatory Group
verviewOn February 25th 2016, the State Council published the Anti-Unfair Competition Law (Draft Amendment) (the law hereinafter the “AUCL”, the draft amendment hereinafter the “Draft”) for public comments. Certain issues have arisen since the implementation of AUCL in 1993, for example, new types of unfair competitive behaviors have been under-regulated and the penalties do not have enough deterrent effects. Also, since 2008, the enactment of the Antitrust-Monopoly Law (“AML”) has resulted in overlaps and inconsistent standards of application.
The Draft not only clarifies some traditional anti-unfair competition behaviors listed in the AUCL, but also provides regulation of new types of unfair competition conducts. The current AUCL has 5 chapters 33 articles while the Draft involves amendment to 30 articles. The Draft strikes out 7 articles, adds 9 articles, and totals 35 articles. It mainly amends and improves 6 behaviors (passing off, commercial bribery, misleading advertising, infringement of business secret, sales with giveaway and commercial defamation), and adds two behaviors (abuse of comparatively advantageous position and unfair competition on the internet). Additionally, the draft substantially increases penalties on unfair competition behaviors.
Continue Reading Highlights of the Draft Amendment to China’s Anti-Unfair Competition Law: Abuse of a Comparatively Advantageous Position
