目标的某些经济贸易活动,美国政府部门制定了多份制裁和贸易限制清单。这些清单由美国不同政府部门制定、管理和监管,对受清单约束的主体施加各种要求。此外,清单还规定了不同级别的强制执行机制,违者可能面临刑事和民事责任。
Continue Reading 美国主要制裁和贸易限制清单
美国商事诉讼
Major U.S. Sanctions and Trade Restrictions Lists
There are several designation lists created by U.S. government agencies to prohibit or restrict certain economic or trade activities the U.S. deems to be adverse to U.S national security and foreign policy goals. These lists are created, maintained, and regulated by different U.S. government agencies and impose different requirements on those subject to them. They also impose different levels of enforcement mechanisms, with violations potentially being subject to both criminal and civil liability.
Continue Reading Major U.S. Sanctions and Trade Restrictions Lists
美国诉讼资助
在美国,诉讼资助是指向请求权人提供资金,以换取通过和解或裁决实现法律请求的收益的一部分,而追索权仅限于相关法律请求的收益。法律请求作为资产或负债,如同债券或其他金融工具一样,一旦通过司法裁决或和解“到期”,债权人就有权根据约定的条款获得付款。然而,与债券不同的是,该资产是否确实会到期并不确定。债券持有人有权收取票面金额,而法律请求必须在经过法律制度的考验之后才具有价值。因此,对单项法律请求的投入存在重大风险。通过诉讼资助,可将风险重新分配给最有意愿也最有能力承担和管理风险的一方。这种风险分配的社会效益在于使资本资源配置达到最大限度,发挥最大效用,使公司能够投资于优化回报和促进总体经济增长的项目。…
Continue Reading 美国诉讼资助
US Patent Litigation
US patent law gives a patent owner the right to exclude others from making, using, offering to sell, selling, or importing into the US the patented invention for a limited period of time. To enforce its rights, a patent owner may bring a patent infringement claim against an alleged infringer in US federal district court or, if the claim involves the importation of allegedly infringing goods, before the US International Trade Commission (ITC). If a patent is found to be valid, enforceable, and infringed in a district court action, the patent owner is entitled to monetary damages of not less than a reasonable royalty and may be able to obtain an injunction preventing further infringement. A patent owner who prevails in an ITC action can seek to exclude the importation of infringing articles.
Continue Reading US Patent Litigation
Jurisdiction Over and Service on Non-U.S. Parties in U.S.
U.S. litigation can be a long and expensive process involving multiple appeals and extensive discovery. Under the “American rule” on costs, each party typically bears its own costs. Therefore, any defenses that can result in dismissal of an action as early as possible are valuable to defendants, particularly to non-U.S. defendants who face increased costs due to their distance from the forum.
Continue Reading Jurisdiction Over and Service on Non-U.S. Parties in U.S.