By Harry Liu and Qiu yue  King and Wood Mallesons’ Dispute Resolution Group  Shanghai Office

As an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, arbitration has been increasingly widely chosen as the dispute resolution method by parties to the commercial contracts. A signatory to the arbitration clause may bring litigation jointly against the other party to the arbitration clause and non-signatories to such arbitration clause. It remains uncertain in judicial practice whether courts have jurisdiction over such joint tort disputes despite of the arbitration clause. The Supreme People’s Court’s view towards the issue also has shifted back and forth. The retrial ruling lately handed down by the Supreme People’s Court after confirmed by its judicial committee gave a clearer answer to the question, which will definitely have a demonstration effect on the judicial practice in the future.
Continue Reading Retrial Ruling of the Supreme People’s Court Settles the Disputes on the Jurisdiction over Joint Tort Cases: Litigation or Arbitration

作者:刘海涛 仇越 金杜律师事务所争议解决上海办公室

仲裁作为一种非诉纠纷解决方式,越来越普遍地被商事合同当事人选择为合同纠纷解决方式。仲裁条款的一方当事人可能会以仲裁条款的另一方当事人与非仲裁条款当事人为共同被告以共同侵权为由提起诉讼。在这种情况下,法院对共同侵权纠纷是否具有管辖权的问题在司法实践中一直没有确切的答案,最高人民法院对这一问题也态度摇摆。最高人民法院近期作出的并经审判委员会讨论通过的再审裁定无疑对这一问题给予了较为明晰的答复,对今后的司法实践具有示范、参考作用。

一、 以往案例回顾

在合同履行过程中,一方当事人的欺诈行为或其他违约行为可能同时构成侵权,另一方当事人可能会以侵权为由直接向法院起诉,而非依据合同中的仲裁条款提起仲裁。就这种类型的管辖权纠纷,最高人民法院已在《第二次全国涉外商事海事审判工作会议纪要》中给予了明确的答复,涉外商事合同的当事人之间签订有效仲裁协议约定了合同发生的或与合同有关的一切争议均应通过仲裁方式解决,原告就当事人在签订和履行合同过程中发生的纠纷以侵权为由向人民法院提起诉讼的,人民法院不享有管辖权。
Continue Reading 最高人民法院再审裁定厘清共同侵权案件诉讼与仲裁之争

By Qian YaozhiXia Dongxia, Liu Xiangwen & Zhou We King and Wood Mallesons’ Dispute Resolution Group

The Haifu Case is the first case in China where a court has denied the validity of an agreement containing a valuation adjustment mechanism (“VAM Agreement”). It has caused drastic reactions in the PE industry, and not surprisingly, the retrial of this case by the Supreme People’s Court of China (the “Supreme Court”) has also attracted intense public attention. Recently, the Supreme Court has given its retrial judgment, where the Supreme Court (i) corrects the lower courts’ decisions that completely deny the validity of the VAM agreement, and (ii) distinguishes VAM agreements between shareholders and the company from that between the shareholders only, and affirms the validity of the latter. This retrial judgment can be expected to have considerable influence on the controversial issue of validity of VAM agreement, and to generate significant implications for PE investors as for how to protect their interest.
Continue Reading The Haifu Case Review –Interpreting the Supreme People’s Court’s Retrial Judgment And It’s Implications for PE Investors

作者:钱尧志 夏东霞 刘相文 周伟 金杜律师事务所争议解决

海富投资案作为国内首例判决认定对赌协议无效案件,一度在PE界引发轩然大波,最高法院对该案再审的走向也一直受到各界热切关注。近日,最高法院对海富投资案作出再审判决,纠正了一、二审法院完全否认对赌协议效力的认定,区别对待与公司“对赌”和与股东“对赌”的协议效力,肯定股东与股东之间对赌条款的合法有效性。最高法院该再审判决无疑将对富有争议的对赌条款效力问题起到示范、参考作用,并对PE投资者保护投资权益具有重要启示作用。

一、案情回顾

(一)案件始末

2007年,苏州工业园区海富投资有限公司(“海富公司”)作为投资方与甘肃众星锌业有限公司(后更名为“甘肃世恒有色资源再利用有限公司”,“世恒公司”)、世恒公司当时惟一的股东香港迪亚有限公司(“迪亚公司”)、迪亚公司的实际控制人陆波,共同签订了《增资协议书》,约定海富公司以现金2000万元人民币对世恒公司进行增资。
Continue Reading 海富投资案:解读最高法院再审判决及对PE投资者的启示

By:King and Wood Mallesons’  PE Dispute Resolution Group

The case Haifu Investment Co., Ltd, vs. Gansu Shiheng Non-Ferrous Recycling Co., Ltd and Hong Kong Diya Limited for the defendants’ failure to perform the investment compensation clause under the “valuation adjustment mechanism” (“VAM”), which has drawn high public attention, was finally determined. After its retrial, the PRC Supreme People’s Court (the “Supreme Court”) rendered the final judgment ruling that the old shareholder, Hong Kong Diya Limited, shall bear the compensation liability for the investor.
Continue Reading The Supreme People’s Court Overruled the Lower Court’s Decision on the Haifu vs. Gansu Shiheng Case

作者:金杜PE争议解决工作组

近期,市场关注度极高的海富投资有限公司诉甘肃世恒有色资源再利用有限公司及香港迪亚有限公司不履行对赌协议补偿投资案终于尘埃落定。最高人民法院经再审做出终审判决,判令公司原股东香港迪亚有限公司承担投资款补偿责任。毫无疑问,该判决的做出对以后类似案件的审理有很大的指引作用,应予认真研读。总结而言,我们认为有如下几点值得关注:

1. 从最高院对一审和二审审判思路的扬弃来看,最高院倾向估值调整机制(通俗称为“对赌协议”)的合法性判断建立在公司法对公司和债权人的合法权益保护的基础之上,而非“名为联营,实为借贷”的简单机械的合同裁判标准,这为以后类似案件中估值调整机制的合法性审查扫除了一个很大的法律障碍。
Continue Reading 最高院再审审结海富公司对赌协议纠纷案

作者:张保生 金杜律师事务所争议解决

一、合同约定境外诉讼或仲裁的管辖问题

一旦出现PE纠纷,双方当事人首先面临的问题就是案件的管辖权问题。有关协议中约定的争端解决方式,并不一定是纠纷发生后实际适用的程序。为了争取对自己有利的结果,纠纷双方有时会选择挑战争端解决条款的效力或规避争端解决条款的适用,以将案件争取到对自己有利的地点进行审理。其中,最常见的可能致使争端解决条款无效的情况包括:没有涉外因素的合同约定境外仲裁;约定与合同没有连结点的境外法院管辖及未明确约定仲裁机构。

中国《仲裁法》第十八条规定:“仲裁协议对仲裁事项或者仲裁委员会没有约定或者约定不明确的,当事人可以补充协议;达不成补充协议的,仲裁协议无效。”因此,仅指明仲裁规则而未指明仲裁机构。且根据规则无法确定仲裁机构的,仲裁条款将被视为无效。
Continue Reading PE纠纷可能面临的法律问题——跨国公司在华公司诉讼系列(XII)

作者: 张保生  金杜律师事务所争议解决
一、Citi 模式

2002年底,花旗银行与上海浦东发展银行(下称“浦发银行”)达成结为“具有排他性的战略合作伙伴关系”的协议。由于监管政策的限制,花旗银行对浦发银行的股权投资采取分阶段入股的方式,即协议签订后入股5%;在2008前,在政策允许的情况下,花旗银行可增持至14.9%,最终不超过24.9%。根据该协议,在分阶段入股投资的基础上,花旗银行将通过实质性参与实际控制浦发银行的信用卡业务。[i]

经过上述安排,浦发银行信用卡中心名义上设在浦发银行下,实则为按公司化运作的半独立运营中心。一旦政策允许,信用卡中心将独立出来,成立合资公司。
Continue Reading PE的几种常见架构——跨国公司在华公司诉讼(XI)

作者:张保生 金杜律师事务所争议解决

对PE投资者而言,由于PE并非旨在通过长期持股获得企业的经营收益,而是通过“退出”受益。因此,PE投资者更多地关注风险控制而非公司治理。

除一般条款外,PE投资协议主要包括:股权购买的比例及对价条款、购股款支付方式和期限条款、未分配利润归属条款、资金用途条款、新股东地位及股东权利条款、组织机构变动条款、退出条款、声明和保证条款、违约责任条款等。

(一)组织机构变动条款

通过投资行为,PE投资者取得了被投资公司一定比例的股权,享有了与股权相关的分红权等经济权利。为保证资金的合理使用和企业的规范运行,保障其经济权利,PE投资者有必要在公司的组织机构中享有相应的政治权利。
Continue Reading PE投资协议的主要条款——跨国公司在华公司诉讼系列(X)

By Ariel Ye and Liu Yuwu King and Wood Mallesons’ Dispute Resolution Group

Background

On September 24, China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (“CIETAC”) launched its Hong Kong Arbitration Center (“the Center”) as its first branch outside mainland China. This is a significant step taken by CIETAC in its plan to expand globally.

CIETAC, established in 1956, is the dominant arbitration institution in mainland China and one of the main arbitration institutions in the Asian-Pacific region. For Chinese enterprises, CIETAC is their first choice for an international arbitral institution due to historical and practical reasons.
Continue Reading New Choice for Mainland-Related International Arbitration—Establishment of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission Hong Kong Arbitration Center