作者:关峰 金杜律师事务所融资

一、引言

在抵押贷款中,银行为了担保债权利益的实现,通常会要求借款人提供抵押物担保,但是,如果抵押物因客观原因发生毁损、灭失,由于法律没有赋予抵押权人直接扣押抵押物的保险金、补偿金等赔偿金的权利,因此,抵押权人在取得抵押物的赔偿金之前,存在不能就抵押物的赔偿金优先受偿的风险。为此,银行作为抵押权人希望直接受领抵押物的赔偿金,以实现其债权利益。

实践中,银行通常会要求借款人对抵押物投保,并在保险单中指定银行为“第一受益人”,以使银行在保险事故发生后,能直接受领抵押物的保险赔偿金。但是,在我国的《保险法》上,只在人身保险中规定了受益人,在财产保险中未规定。中国建设银行房地产信贷部在1992年9月23日颁布的《职工住房抵押贷款暂行办法》中曾出现过“第一受益人”的概念,但是中国人民银行于1998年5月9日颁发的《个人住房贷款管理办法》中已没有“第一受益人”的概念。因此,在我国目前的法律规定中,暂且没有关于财产保险中受益人的规定。财产保险中的受益人享有的是什么性质的权利,是否因此而取得了保险金请求权,在法律没有明确规定的情况下,都不甚明确。为此,上海市高院在2009年度和2010年度的《金融审判白皮书》中,也明确:根据保险法和最高法院有关规定,受益人仅可在人身保险合同中设置。并且建议保险公司对已签订的合同进行清理、批改,以保障投保人的信赖利益。

Continue Reading 抵押贷款项下银行获得贷款抵押物保险收益法律问题研究(1)

By Susan Ning, Ji Kailun and Hazel Yin

On 30 December 2011, the Ministry of Commerce ("MOFCOM") promulgated the Interim Measures on Investigation and Punishment of Failure to Duly Notify Concentrations of Undertakings (《未依法申报经营者集中调查处理暂行办法》, "Interim Measures"), effective from February 1, 2012.1   The Interim Measures set down the procedures for MOFCOM to investigate and penalize companies for failure to notify a notifiable transaction in violation of the Anti-Monopoly Law ("AML").

According to the Interim Measures, MOFCOM shall initiate an investigation ("case acceptance") if there is prima facie evidence, either presented by any third party or it obtains through other channels, indicating that a company fails to notify a notifiable transaction. 
 

Continue Reading MOFCOM Getting Tough on Failure to Notify a Concentration

作者:金杜律师事务所金融

2011年12月7日,商务部、中国银行业监督管理委员会、中国保险监督管理委员会颁布了《对外承包工程项目投标(议标)管理办法》(简称“投标管理办法”)。投标管理办法对之前适用的相关规定做出了较大的改动,对企业的要求更加明确和具体,同时也扩大了银行开展相关业务时的要求。当前,中资工程项目承包类企业在海外的业务日益壮大和发展,而在这一过程中中资银行提供的支持是极其重要的一环。因此,在业务开展中,企业和银行需要注意新的投标管理办法中的相关要求。投标管理办法将自2012年1月15日起施行。

投标管理办法提出的具体要求和对之前的规定作出调整的领域主要包括:

Continue Reading 对外承包工程项目投标(议标)管理办法发布

By Richard W. Wigley of King & Wood’s Dispute Resolution Group

Data privacy for internet users is a topic of concern the world over, with the P.R.C. being no exception. Internet information service providers (hereinafter also referred to as "IISPs"), such as commercial websites, regularly collect information from online visitors, sometimes with full knowledge of the visitors and sometimes unknown to the visitors. In addition, IISPs have been known to maliciously introduce software incompatible with the user’s existing software, install certain software such as "spyware" onto users’ computers/mobile devices and/or change users’ browser configurations without permission, and it goes without saying that "pop up ads" are an ongoing online annoyance. As online users in the P.R.C. look for protections from such unwanted invasions of their privacy and restrictions upon user control of their online experience, the recently released "Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order for Internet Information Services" (hereinafter referred to as the "Provisions") provides needed rules and regulations in this regard.[1]  

Continue Reading New M.I.I.T. Provisions Provide Additional Online User Control and Data Privacy Protections

By Jiao Hongbin King & Wood’s Intellectual Property Group

In December 2011, the Deputy Director of the State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R.C. expressed that China would in the near future promote amendments to the Patent Law, the Trademark Law and the Copyright Law of the P.R.C. as well as associated regulations, increase the amount of fines, and conduct research on applying punitive damage awards to profit-generating intentional infringement and counterfeiting acts.  This suggests that punitive damage awards may be adopted into China’s intellectual property (IP) protection framework.

Liability for infringement can be compensatory or punitive, depending on the purpose of the compensation to be granted.  According to the current Patent Law, Trademark Law and Copyright Law of the P.R.C., the amount of compensation is determined by the basis of compensation and is calculated in accordance with the actual losses suffered by the rights owner or the benefits obtained by the infringer (and by reference to the reasonable multiples of the royalties in a patent infringement case), and while neither of the two elements could be determined, a People’s Court can award a statutory compensation amount within the scope provided by the law.

Continue Reading Intellectual Property Cases in China May Result in Punitive Damage Awards

作者:矫鸿彬 金杜知识产权

2011年12月,中国国家知识产权局副局长贺化在全国外商机构保护知识产权座谈会上表示,今后一段时期,中国将加快修订有关法律法规和规章,将推进专利法、商标法、著作权法等法律及配套法规的修改,提高罚款数额,研究引入对营利性故意侵权和假冒伪劣行为的惩罚性赔偿制度。这表明,惩罚性赔偿制度将有可能被引入中国的知识产权保护体系中。

从赔偿的目的来看,侵权赔偿责任可以分为补偿性责任和惩罚性责任。根据中国现行的专利法、商标法和著作权法的规定,侵权赔偿数额的确定是以补偿性为原则,按照权利人所受到的实际损失或者侵权人所获得的利益确定(专利侵权案件中还可以参照专利许可使用费的倍数合理确定),二者均难以确定的情况下,则由人民法院在法律规定的范围内确定法定赔偿数额。

Continue Reading 中国知识产权保护将可能引入惩罚性赔偿制度

By Wu Wei and Su Shaohua King & Wood’s Dispute Resolution Group

Under China’s anti-bribery laws, the value of bribes in commercial bribery cases is calculated on a cumulative basis in the conviction and sentencing process. However, such calculations may yield varying results in practice. According to our experience, due to a lack of clarity in the law and various policy rationale for fighting corruption, cumulative calculations give rise to risks of criminal liability, whether seen as accepting or offering bribes.

I. Calculation of Value for Bribes Accepted

A. Legislation

a. The second paragraph of Article 383 of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China(1) ("Criminal Law") provides:" Toward those who have committed repeated crimes of graft, all amounts of graft of unhandled cases are to be added in meting out punishment." Article 386 of Criminal Law provides:" whoever commits the crime of accepting bribes is to be punished on the basis of Article 383 of this law according to the amount of bribes and the circumstances. A heavier punishment shall be given where a bribe was specifically demanded."

Continue Reading Calculation of Value in Commercial Bribery Cases

作者:吴巍 苏少华 金杜律师事务所争议解决

对贿赂犯罪定罪量刑时,行贿受贿数额在何种情形下会被累计计算,实务中的做法不统一。在司法实践经验中,由于法律规定不够明确、打击腐败的政策等原因, 无论是受贿还是行贿均存在被累计计算的法律风险。具体分析如下:

一、受贿罪累计计算问题

1、法律规定

(1)《中华人民共和国刑法》(1)(“《刑法》”)第三百八十三条第二款规定:“对多次贪污未经处理的,按照累计贪污数额处罚。”第三百八十六条规定:“对犯受贿罪的,根据受贿所得数额及情节,依照本法第三百八十三条的规定处罚。索贿的从重处罚。”

Continue Reading 商业贿赂数额累计计算问题

by Feng Ai and Chen Xunan  King & Wood’s Finance Group

In the process of an Initial Public Offering ("IPO"), the issuer’s intellectual property ("IP"), such as trademarks, patents, copyrights and know-how, is often directly related to the issuer’s competitive advantage and long term profitability. The Examination and Verification Committee of the China Securities Regulatory Commission ("Examination and Verification Committee") often takes this fact into consideration.

I. IP Issues Arising from A share IPOs within Legal Framework

This article focuses on IP rights from the perspective of A share public offerings, and particularly on trademark, patent, know-how and copyright issues that have caught the attention of the Examination and Verification Committee.

Continue Reading Intellectual Property Issues Arising from A Share Initial Public Offerings

作者:冯艾  陈旭楠 金杜律师事务所融资

A股首发上市(Initial Public Offerings,简称“IPO”)过程中,发行人的商标、专利、专有技术、版权等知识产权(Intellectual Property,简称“IP”),直接关系到发行人的核心竞争力、持续盈利能力等,历来为审核部门的关注重点。

一、A股IPO法律规范框架内的IP问题

本文侧重探讨的,系A股IPO法律规范框架内,被审核部门特别关注的商标、专利、专有技术、版权等广义的IP。

A股IPO法律规范框架内,与IP相关的核心规定主要散见于《首次公开发行股票并上市管理办法》、《首次公开发行股票并在创业板上市管理暂行办法》、《中国证券监督管理委员会股票发行审核委员会审核工作指导意见》等规范性文件。

Continue Reading A股首发上市视野下的知识产权问题