By Xia Dongxia and Yang Ting King & Wood Mallesons’ Dispute Resolution Group
 

The Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Issues Concerning the Application of Law for Hearing Cases of Sale and Purchase Contract Related Disputes (the “2012 Interpretation”) was promulgated on June 5, 2012, and came into effect on July 1, 2012. The 2012 Interpretation, which includes eight sections and forty-six articles, explicitly regulates the establishment and validity of sale and purchase contracts, delivery and transfer of title, risk allocation, inspection and acceptance of subject matter, liability for breach, retention of title, and special sale and purchase contracts. The 2012 Interpretation clarifies several ambiguous issues in judicial practice, and also supplements the PRC Contract Law[i](the “Contract Law”).

This article summarizes the main content of the 2012 Interpretation.


[i] The PRC Contract Law was adopted at the Second Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress on March 15, 1999, and became effective as of October 1, 1999.

Continue Reading Understanding and Clarification–China’s New Judicial Interpretation of Contract Law

作者:张保生  陈湘林 金杜律师事务所争议解决

1、外商投资企业股权转让合同成立后,转让方和外商投资企业不履行报批义务,受让方能否请求解除合同并由转让方返还其已支付的转让款、赔偿因未履行报批义务而造成的实际损失?

根据最高人民法院《关于审理外商投资企业纠纷案件若干问题的规定(一)》(法释〔2010〕9号)第五条的规定,外商投资企业股权转让合同成立后,转让方和外商投资企业不履行报批义务,经受让方催告后在合理的期限内仍未履行,受让方请求解除合同并由转让方返还其已支付的转让款、赔偿因未履行报批义务而造成的实际损失的,人民法院应予支持。

 2、外商投资企业的股权转让方和外商投资企业拒不根据人民法院生效判决确定的期限履行报批义务,受让方可否另行起诉,请求解除合同并赔偿损失?
Continue Reading 外商投资企业股权转让问题–跨国公司在华诉讼系列(V)

作者:陈湘林 金杜律师事务所争议解决

【内容摘要】本文基于诉讼和战争的可比性,参照《孙子兵法》首篇“计篇”,结合中国司法程序中的具体案例,将决定诉讼案件胜负的因素总结为三类,即基本因素、通常因素和特殊因素,具体包括“经济实力”、“事实”、“法律”、“情理”、“团队配合”、“诉讼时间和时机”、“诉讼地”、“主办律师”、“律所和客户内部管理”、“社会资源”等10个。同时,就依据该10个因素对案件胜负进行综合权衡的基本规律进行了初步总结,从而为中国司法程序中诉讼策略和诉讼方案的谋定奠定基础。Continue Reading 论中国司法程序中决定诉讼案件胜负的十大因素 –结合《孙子兵法》”计篇”的思考(下)

作者:陈湘林 金杜律师事务所争议解决

【内容摘要】本文基于诉讼和战争的可比性,参照《孙子兵法》首篇“计篇”,结合中国司法程序中的具体案例,将决定诉讼案件胜负的因素总结为三类,即基本因素、通常因素和特殊因素,具体包括“经济实力”、“事实”、“法律”、“情理”、“团队配合”、“诉讼时间和时机”、“诉讼地”、“主办律师”、“律所和客户内部管理”、“社会资源”等10个。同时,就依据该10个因素对案件胜负进行综合权衡的基本规律进行了初步总结,从而为中国司法程序中诉讼策略和诉讼方案的谋定奠定基础。Continue Reading 论中国司法程序中决定诉讼案件胜负的十大因素–结合《孙子兵法》”计篇”的思考(上)

作者:夏东霞 杨婷 金杜律师事务所争议解决

最高人民法院《关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》(“《解释》”)于2012年6月5日公布,并于2012年7月1日起施行。《解释》分为八个部分四十六条,分别针对买卖合同的成立及效力、标的物交付和所有权转移、标的物风险负担、标的物检验、违约责任、所有权保留、特种买卖等问题作出了明确规定。《解释》不仅澄清了司法实践中诸多困惑问题,还弥补了《合同法》的部分空白和漏洞,对司法实践具有重要意义。本文现就《解释》的重点内容简要作如下介绍。

 一、承认预约合同的独立契约效力

合同缔结过程中,当事人签订认购书、意向书等,约定在将来一定期限内签订正式合同,在买卖合同领域,尤其是商品房买卖领域非常普遍。理论上,此类认购书、意向书为“预约”,系相对于正式合同,即“本约”而言的。
Continue Reading 解读《关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》

作者:张保生  陈湘林 金杜律师事务所争议解决

1、根据中国法律,认定合同无效的标准是什么?

根据《合同法》(1999年)第52条,如果合同存在如下五种情形之一,将被认定为无效:(一)一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段订立合同,损害国家利益;(二)恶意串通,损害国家、集体或者第三人利益;(三)以合法形式掩盖非法目的;(四)损害社会公共利益;(五)违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定。

 在司法实践中运用上述规定需要注意:

第一,根据最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的解释(二)》(法释〔2009〕5号)第十四条,“合同法第五十二条第(五)项规定的‘强制性规定’,是指效力性强制性规定。”
Continue Reading 外商投资企业的合同效力和审批中的常见问题解答—-跨国公司在华诉讼系列(IV)

By Monique Carroll, Huang Tao King & Wood Mallesons’ Dispute Resolution Group

‘Political risk’ in foreign investment is the risk that an investment will be adversely affected by a host country’s political or regulatory decisions. These political or regulatory decisions might result in unfavorable tax legislation, revocation of a business license or, nationalization or ‘expropriation’ of an investment by, for example, the direct or indirect taking of control over the investment by the government. For instance, earlier this year the Argentinean Government announced that it would assume ownership and control of YPF, Argentina’s biggest energy company. At the time, YPF was privately and partly foreign owned and controlled.  

Foreign investors can take steps to minimize exposure to political risk. These steps include structuring the foreign investment so that it falls within the protections provided by an investment treaty to which the host country is a party.
Continue Reading Arbitration as A Tool to Manage Political Risk in Foreign Investment

作者:Monique Carroll 黄滔 金杜律师事务所争议解决

外商投资中的政策风险是指东道国的政策或日常决策可能会对投资产生不利影响的风险。这些政策或日常决策可能会导致不利的税收制度,企业营业执照被撤销,投资的国有化或“征收”,例如,政府直接或间接地控制外商投资。比如,今年初,阿根廷政府宣布其将取得阿根廷最大的能源公司YPF公司的所有权和控制权。当时,YPF公司是部分由外商个人所有和控制的。

外国投资者可以采取措施降低政策风险。这些措施包括调整投资结构,使其属于东道国作为缔约国的投资条约的保护范围。对于已经遭受东道国政府行为不利影响的外国投资者,则应当考虑是否可以寻求投资条约的保护。
Continue Reading 仲裁–控制外商投资中政策风险的工具

By Dang Zhe and Jiang Zhipei King & Wood Mallesons’IP Litigation Group

This spring has witnessed several important moves in copyright law related legislation in China. On March 31, the National Copyright Administration issued the draft of the PRC Copyright Law (Revised Draft) (the “Draft”)to gauge public opinion. Indeed the articles on copyright liability for ISPs caused heated discussion. On April 22, the Supreme People’s Court, in a similar attempt to gauge public opinion, issued the exposure draft of the Regulation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law Involving Civil Disputes over Cases of Information Network Dissemination Right Infringement (Exposure Draft) (the “Exposure Draft”), which contains more comprehensive and specific provisions on the copyright infringement liability of Internet Service Providers (“ISPs”). Although these two documents are not in force yet, they can be assessed to better understand the legislative and judicial intent of the national copyright administration and the highest judicial organ on the copyright related legal liability for ISPs.
Continue Reading New Trends in Legislation on the Adjudication for Copyright Related Legal Liability for Internet Service Providers

作者:张保生 程世刚 金杜律师事务所争议解决

跨国公司在华投资的一种形式表现为外资并购境内企业。根据2006年商务部、国务院国有资产监督管理委员会、国家税务总局、国家工商行政管理总局、中国证券监督管理委员会、国家外汇管理局六部委联合发布的《关于外国投资者并购境内企业的规定》, “外国投资者并购非上市境内企业”有两种法定方式:股权并购和资产并购。

股权并购,即外国投资者购买境内非外商投资企业(或称“境内公司”)股东的股权或认购境内公司增资,使该境内公司变更设立为外商投资企业;资产并购,即外国投资者设立外商投资企业,并通过该企业协议购买境内企业资产且运营该资产,或者外国投资者协议购买境内企业资产,并以该资产投资设立外商投资企业运营该资产。下文所探讨的内容为股权并购中多发的纠纷。Continue Reading 跨国公司因并购境内企业引发公司诉讼—-跨国公司在华公司诉讼系列(III)